PHYSIOTHERAPY TREATMENT Physiotherapy is treatment to restore, maintain, and make the most of a pat

 🔴Spondylolisthesis It is defined as slow anterior or posterior displacement of a vertebra at the lower lumber spine, the lower most vertebra L5 slipping forward on the first sacral segment S1. #Types: There are 5 types- ✅ Dysplastic ✅ Isthmic ✅ Degenerative ✅ Traumatic ✅ Pathological #Causes: ★ Trauma ★ Congenital ★ Malignant ★ Degenerative change cause this condition: football gymnastics track and field weightlifting #Clinical_features: ✅ Pain in the buttocks ✅ Pain when bending over ✅ Muscle spasms in the hamstring (muscles in the back of the thighs). ✅ Back stiffness ✅ Reffered pain ✅ Increase lumber lordosis ✅ Difficulty walking or standing for long periods ✅ Numbness, weakness or tingling in the foot. ✅ Pain spreading down the legs (due to pressure on nerve roots) ✅ Pain that gets worse with activity #Investigation: ✅ X-ray:B/V, lateral view  ✅ CT scan or MRI scan  ✅ Myelography #Physiotherapy_management: SWD, UST, MWD,Warm Correct postural habits Mobilization ther...

  SHOULDER JOINT Type:  The shoulder joint is a synovial joint of ball and socket variety. The articular surface ligament and bursae related to this important joint are explained below. Articular surface:  The joint is formed by articular of the glenoid cavity of scapula and the head of the humerus. So, it is known as glenohumeral articulation. Structurally, it is a weak joint because glenoid cavity is too small and shallow to hold head of the humerus. It give more a great mobility.   Stability of joint is maintained by The coracoacromial arch for the head of the humerus. The musculotendinous cuff of the shoulder Glenoid labrum helps in depending the glenoid fossa. Stability is also provided by the muscle attaching the humerus to the pectoral girdle, long head of the biceps brachii and the long head of the triceps brachii. Ligament:  The capsular ligament The coracohumeral ligament Transverse humeral ligament The glenoid labrum The capsular ligament:  It is...