Spondylolisthesis

 🔴Spondylolisthesis

It is defined as slow anterior or posterior displacement of a vertebra at the lower lumber spine, the lower most vertebra L5 slipping forward on the first sacral segment S1.

#Types:

There are 5 types-

✅ Dysplastic

✅ Isthmic

✅ Degenerative

✅ Traumatic

✅ Pathological

#Causes:

★ Trauma

★ Congenital

★ Malignant

★ Degenerative change

cause this condition:

football

gymnastics

track and field

weightlifting

#Clinical_features:

✅ Pain in the buttocks

✅ Pain when bending over

✅ Muscle spasms in the hamstring (muscles in the back of the thighs).

✅ Back stiffness

✅ Reffered pain

✅ Increase lumber lordosis

✅ Difficulty walking or standing for long periods

✅ Numbness, weakness or tingling in the foot.

✅ Pain spreading down the legs (due to pressure on nerve roots)

✅ Pain that gets worse with activity

#Investigation:

✅ X-ray:B/V, lateral view 

✅ CT scan or MRI scan 

✅ Myelography

#Physiotherapy_management:

SWD, UST, MWD,Warm

Correct postural habits

Mobilization therapy

Pelvic tilting

Prone lying & repeated stretching of the hamstring muscle

Manipulation therapy

Muscle strengthening exercise

Strong abdominal isometric exercises

Forward bending exercise of the trunk at lumber spine

Bracing.

#Conservative_management:

Rest

Correction of poorposture

Analgesics and muscle relaxants

NSAIDs

Exercises

#Surgical_management:

Posterolateral fusion Posterior fusion

Laminectomy and inter transverse fusion Anterior interbody fusion.

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